Tuesday was World Elder Abuse Day and prior to entering the medical field I had never heard of such a thing, but it is a grim reality and needs to be stopped. Elder abuse is not just physical abuse; it can include neglect and exploitation as well. The term elder abuse refers to any knowing, intentional or negligent act by a caregiver or any other person that causes harm or a serious risk of harm to a vulnerable adult. The specificity of laws vary from state to state, but broadly defined, abuse may be:

• Physical Abuse – inflicting, or threatening to inflict physical pain or injury on a vulnerable elder, or depriving them of a basic need
• Emotional Abuse – inflicting mental pain, anguish or distress on an elder person through verbal or nonverbal acts
• Sexual Abuse – non-consensual sexual contact of any kind
• Exploitation – illegal taking, misuse or concealment of funds, property or assets of a vulnerable elder
• Neglect – refusal or failure by those responsible to provide food, shelter, health care or protection for a vulnerable elder
• Abandonment – the desertion of a vulnerable elder by anyone who has assumed the responsibility for care of custody of that person

Some warning signs to look for when you suspect physical elder abuse are bruises, pressure marks, broken bones, abrasions and burns. Indicators of emotional elder abuse are unexplained withdrawal from normal activities, a sudden change in alertness and unusual depression. Exploitation can be detected by a sudden change in financial situations. Bedsores, unattended medical need, poor hygiene and unusual weight loss are indicators of possible neglect. Strained or tense relationships, frequent arguments between the caregiver and elderly person are also signs of abuse.

The best thing one can do if they suspect elder abuse is to stay alert to warning signs. Pay close attention to changes in personality or behavior. If you suspect abuse it is your duty to report your suspicions. Voice your concerns to your local adult protective services, long-term care ombudsman or the police. Please click here to locate state directories for elder abuse reporting.